AIDS researchers and advocates were devastated in 2007 when a much-anticipated vaccine against HIV unexpectedly did not protect anyone in a clinical trial of 3,000 people. Worse, the experimental inoculation, developed with money from the pharmaceutical company Merck and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, increasing the chances that some people after they acquire HIV. Million dollars and more than a decade of research had gone into the creation of the vaccine. Meanwhile, in the same period of 10 years, 18 million people died of AIDS, and millions more were infected. The Merck vaccine failed in large part because researchers do not yet know how to create the perfect vaccine. Yes, a number of vaccines have been spectacularly successful. Think of polio and smallpox. In truth, however, luck played a big role in success. Based on limited knowledge of the immune system and biology of a pathogen, researchers speculate in the formulations of vaccines that can work and then, perhaps after some tinkering, he was lucky to be right when the vaccine protected the people. But all in all too often lack of insight into the immune response necessary leads to disappointment, with ... Marcus Wohlsen has covered the home culture, the scene of the manufacturer, and the marijuana industry as a reporter for the San Francisco office of The Associated Press. His first book, Biopunk: Scientists Hack Software DIY Life, was published this week by the current. I asked him to contribute a few pieces on the subway from biotechnology to run on Boing Boing. Here is the third. (Read the first reading of the second ..) DO / HISTORY: Biopunk at a time in Georgia without asking era Britain, the surgeon was more common among scientists. While members of the Royal Society wig had aristocratic patronage, surgeons who lack both the theory as an anesthetic and germ hacked through thickets of superstition and rudimentary medical knowledge, because their way through bodies . The universities still considered training in theology and ancient Greek and Roman texts of the highest form of civilized learning. The surgeons were not offered the benefits of higher education. In contrast, teenagers became apprentices and learned the trade. One was a country boy named Edward Jenner. At school, the son of the cleric usually curious to avoid compulsory study of the classics in favor of increasing dormice and collecting fossils. His marks were not high enough to continue ... In 1952, the number of polio cases reached about 60,000, which is one of the worst epidemics in U.S. history. More than 3,000 people died and more than 21,000 were left with mild disabilities to paralysis. The historian Michael Willrich came across an article in _The New York Times_ files about a 1901 raid on smallpox vaccination in New York. 250 men arrived at an apartment building in the middle of the night and all vaccinated they could find. It was not an isolated incident. His research led him to write the book _Pox: A History_ of America, which details how a smallpox epidemic in the early twentieth century had far-reaching consequences for public health officials and civil liberties. There was little or no regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry, and many people were forced to be vaccinated against their will. And since the start of the vaccination campaign against smallpox, there was no public resistance. According to NPR: _ "It was not until 1972 that the U.S. government decided to suspend the mandatory vaccination against smallpox, in part because the disease had been eradicated in many ways." _ The eradication of smallpox was arguably the biggest victory of science over disease in human history. Thanks to a particular vaccination campaign throughout the world, led by the World Health Organization, the last known case of smallpox occurred more than 30 years, in Somalia in 1977. The WHO declared smallpox eradicated in 1980. U.S. Army Captain Bryan Ferrara, who managed to vaccinate about 4,000 Army soldiers against many diseases for a year deployment to Iraq, has been named the American Nurses Association (ANA) Award winner immunity from February 2011. Ferrara, the nurse only for the 1st Brigade of the Army First Armored Division based in Fort Bliss Biggs Field, Texas, oversaw the vaccination of more than 90 percent of the division of smallpox, hepatitis A, hepatitis B , typhoid and Anthrax ... More than three decades after smallpox was eradicated, an international struggle has reemerged with new intensity on whether to destroy the only known copies of the virus that causes one of the worst scourges of humanity. # # Bioethics Public Health People have been living since 1800, but experts believe that new diseases will reduce the life rises every day life of the average British citizen increases of five to six hours. This means that babies born today the lives of five or six hours, on average, than those born yesterday. It's a startling statistic. And it should be noted that the trend is likely to continue every day this year and possibly for the rest of the decade. In 10 years, the average UK life expectancy has increased more than two years, an increase that was observed in every decade since 1800, when the average life expectancy in the UK was 40. Today it stands at 77.7 years for men and 81.9 for women. "Life expectancy has increased with remarkable consistency since 1800," says Professor Tom Kirkwood, director of the Institute for Ageing and Health at the University of Newcastle. "There were no changes in longevity between Roman times and 1800. But after that we see significant change. Every century, life expectancy of the British increased in 20 years. Nor is it an exclusive phenomenon of British origin. It is observed in most countries today. Only those with particular health problems, ... GHOST _PERSONAL _Benjamin Franklin Franky son died of smallpox. Polio is hoping to be the second disease eradicated from smallpox scientists say their vaccine "Holy Grail" is to stimulate immunity that lasts a lifetime. Live virus vaccines such as smallpox or yellow fever provide immune protection that lasts for decades, but despite its success, scientists have remained in the dark about how to induce such long-lasting immunity. Scientists at the Emory Vaccine Center have designed nanoparticles that resemble small viruses in size and composition and to induce immune lifelong immunity in mice ... A federal contract of $ 24,800,000 to support the development of new antiviral drugs to treat smallpox. The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development (BARDA), within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, will fund the contract with Chimerix, Inc., of Durham, North Carolina The contract may be renewed up to four additional years for a total of five years up to 81.1 million dollars ... Chimerix, Inc., a pharmaceutical company developing oral antiviral therapies available, today announced it has signed a contract by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) for advanced development of candidate broad-spectrum antiviral drug Chimerix, CMX001, as medical countermeasures in the event of a release of smallpox. CMX001 dual-use potential therapeutic evidence of antiviral activity against the five families of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that causes morbidity and mortality in humans, including smallpox ... Chimerix lands $ 81.1M U.S. agreement smallpox Studies have found much lower rates of infection compared with only networks Bill Gates, chairman and co-founder of Microsoft Corp., called for urgent donations to stop the spread of polio and become the first infectious disease eradicated since smallpox was eradicated from the planet in 1979. ATLANTA, Jan. 27 (UPI) - Stocks of smallpox virus held in two centers, one in Russia and one in Atlanta, are at the heart of international debate about its future, experts say. Since the WHO Executive Board continued the meeting in Geneva this week, members of "Thursday endorsed efforts by the U.S. and Russia to maintain the last known stocks of smallpox virus for research to combat terrorism, in a first debate on the fate of what remains of one of the world's deadliest pathogens, "reports the Wall Street Journal ...
Key Words: smallpox
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Monday, April 25, 2011
Fast Track to vaccines as systems biology speeds Biopunk drug development at a time without question have rejected the global diseases such as smallpox and polio more than a hundred years of vaccine From the opposition's time to destroy smallpox U.S. Army reserve nurse earns Award ANA immunity to protect troops in case of last Diseases known virus die increasing life expectancy shows no sign of slowing down, but do not expect immortality Liberty Life Test Monitoring Health Workers Clean Look polio of nanoparticles planet that viruses can stimulate Mimic Long Lasting Support BARDA next steps a new antiviral Advanced Chimerix Awarded Contract CMX001 As broad spectrum medical countermeasures lands $ 81.1M treat malaria drugs Add Rural Safety Net Roosevelt Gates Channels Press Eradicate the global debate on the WHO Executive Board savings virus stocks
